INTRODUCTIONOptical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is crucial in the fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs), where precise control over each process step is essential. ICs often comprise numerous layers, with each layer requiring exact deposition and etching...
IntroductionPhotovoltaic technology harnesses the power of the sun to generate electricity, offering a clean, renewable energy source that is crucial for sustainable development. Material characterization plays a vital role in optimizing the performance of photovoltaic...
INTRODUCTIONArthritis is a disease that causes damage in your joints. The most common type of arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects cartilage. It is one of the most prevalent worldwide...
INTRODUCTIONThe growing need for water, food, and energy necessitates a better understanding of freshwater ecosystem processes and their sustainable management. Freshwater is crucial for human survival and contributes to global water security, food production, and...
IntroductionPlasma thermal spray coating is a process that utilizes the high-energy state of plasma to melt and propel particles onto a substrate, creating a robust coating. This technique can generate plasma temperatures that exceed the...
INTRODUCTIONIn today's environment, environmental issues are of particular concern worldwide. And one of the biggest international issues is textile waste. The US Environmental Protection Agency estimates that more than 15 million tons of textile waste...
IntroduceFluorescent diamonds are a unique type of diamond. These particles contain color centers—crystallographic defects that emit light when exposed to UV rays, providing insights into the diamond's structure and properties. Spectroscopy is a modern and...
INTRODUCTIONATMPs (Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products) have recently emerged to offer new treatment solutions for patients with no further therapeutic options. For some, they are based on the use of "drug" cells derived from genetic modification...
INTRODUCTIONSpectroscopy is essential in the manufacturing and operation of optical sensors designed to monitor hazardous emissions. These sensors are crucial for environmental safety, regulatory compliance, and industrial monitoring. During manufacturing, spectroscopy ensures the precise characterization...